Anthocyanin Accumulation and Its Corresponding Gene Expression, Total Phenol, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fruit Quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Grafting and Pre-Harvest Applications

The color of grapevine berries is one the most important quality parameters that define appearance, attracts consumer, and determines price, especially in red grape cultivars. Some varieties show less development due to many factors such as temperature, light intensity, agricultural management. present study aimed evaluate diverse phytohormones coupled with grafting on fruit coloration ’Crimson Seedless‘ grapes. Pre-harvest foliar treatments abscisic acid (ABA) at 400 mg L−1, methyl jasmonate (MeJ) 1 mM ethephon (Eth) 480 melatonin (Mel) 100 μmol were applied after 7 days repeated 21 ‘Veraison’ (beginning coloring phase). results exposed ABA application provided best anthocyanin accumulation grafted grapevines whereas Eth displayed maximum ungrafted grapevines. Moreover, expression biosynthesis genes (chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavanol 3-O-glucosyl transferase (UFGT)) was consistent concentration berry peel. treatment revealed highest total phenols antioxidant capacity for both MeJ phytohormone exhibited largest yield, increased weight 50 bunch. Furthermore, induced uppermost firmness removal force. Regarding chemical attributes, Mel minimum value titratable acidity (TA) polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, while recorded superior soluble solids content (SSC), addition phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalase (CAT) enzymes activities. produced activity peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Finally, improved studied attributes.